Runner’s Knee
Anatomy of the Knee Joint
Pain usually occurs under or around the front of the kneecap (patella) where it attaches with the lower end of the thighbone (femur). The patella, also called kneecap, is a small flat triangular bone located at the front of the knee joint. The kneecap or patella is a sesamoid bone that is embedded in a tendon that connects the muscles of the thigh to the shinbone (tibia). The function of the patella is to protect the front part of the knee.
What is Runner's Knee?
Runner's knee, also called patellofemoral pain syndrome, refers to pain under and around your kneecap. Runner's knee includes several medical conditions such as anterior knee pain syndrome, patellofemoral malalignment, and chondromalacia patella that cause pain around the front of the knee. As the name suggests, Runner's knee is a common complaint among Runner's, jumpers and other athletes such as skiers, cyclists and soccer players.
Causes of Runner's Knee
Runner's knee can result from poor alignment of the kneecap, complete or partial dislocation, overuse, tight or weak thigh muscles, flat feet, direct trauma to the knee. Patellofemoral pain often comes from strained tendons and irritation or softening of the cartilage that lines the underside of the kneecap. Pain in the knee may be referred from other parts of the body, such as the back or hip.
Symptoms of Runner's Knee
The most common symptom of Runner's knee is a dull aching pain underneath the kneecap while walking up or down stairs, squatting, kneeling, and sitting with your knees bent for a long period of time.
Diagnosis of Runner's Knee
To diagnose runner's knee, your doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, any sports participation, and activities that aggravate your knee pain. Your doctor will perform a physical examination of your knee. Diagnostic imaging tests such as X-rays, MRIs and CT scans, and blood tests may be ordered to check if your pain is due to damage to the structure of the knee or because of the tissues that attach to it.
Treatment of Runner's Knee
The first treatment step is to avoid activities such as running and jumping, that cause pain. Treatment options include both non-surgical and surgical methods. Non-surgical treatment consists of rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE protocol); all assist in controlling pain and swelling. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed to reduce pain.
Exercises: Your doctor may recommend an exercise program to improve the flexibility and strength of thigh muscles. Cross-training exercises to stretch the lower extremities may also be recommended by your doctor.
Other non-surgical treatments include:
- Knee taping: An adhesive tape is applied over the patella, to alter the kneecap alignment and movement. Taping of the patella may reduce pain.
- Knee brace: A special brace for the knee may be used during sports participation which may help reduce pain.
- Orthotics: Special shoe inserts may be prescribed for those with flat feet that may help relieve the pain.
In some cases, you may need surgery that includes arthroscopy and realignment. During arthroscopy, damaged fragments are removed from the kneecap, while realignment moves the kneecap back to its alignment, thus reducing the abnormal pressure on cartilage and supporting structures around the front of the knee.
Prevention of Runner's Knee
You can prevent Runner's knee by following a few of the below tips:
- If you are overweight, you may need to control your weight to avoid overstressing your knees
- Gradually increase the intensity of your workout
- If you have flat feet or other foot problems, use shoe inserts
- Avoid running on hard surfaces
- Wear proper fitting good quality running shoes with good shock absorption
- Avoid running straight down hills; instead walk down or run in a zigzag pattern
- Warm up for 5 minutes before starting any exercise. Also stretch after exercising
